The fate of nitrogen and sulphur during co-liquefaction of algae and bagasse: Experimental and multi-criterion decision analysis

The removal of nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) from biocrude oil produced using hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL), is important for the production high quality renewable fuels. Here effect co-liquefaction bagasse algae was analysed. Algae (Chlorella vulgaris Cyanobacteria) were mixed with (1:1) subjected to HTL at 250–350 °C 10–60 min. Higher temperatures had a positive in increasing yield slightly reduced N content; S did not show consistent trend. Most (~66%) (~80%) recovered aqueous phase rather than phase, opening opportunity recycle these nutrients cultivation. Co-liquefying improved (54 wt%) compared pure Cyanobacteria (47.5 wt%). It also content 7 wt% (Cyanobacteria biocrude) 4.2 (Cyanobacteria: Bagasse) 0.7 0.4 wt%. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) analysis identified that positively correlated initial lipid anti-correlated carbohydrates fraction. Biocrude closely related amount proteins algae. Preference Ranking Organization METHod Enrichment Evaluations its descriptive complement Geometrical Interactive Aid (PROMETHEE GAIA) ranked Chlorella 350 60 min as one best overall combination terms yield, content.